In this study the SEED susceptibility of Poa annua L., Oxalis curniculatum, Medicago sativa and Rubus caesius L.species to wash or loss from slope surface was investigated. So, at first the mass, area, volume, density, surface to mass ratio, flatness index and eccentricity index of SEEDs was measured.100 SEEDs from each species were distributed on sample plot with slope angle of 25, 45 and 65 degree and then rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on this plot during 40 minutes. Results showed that more SEEDs of Rubus caesius L. and Oxalis curniculatum have washed from surfaces with angles of 25, 45 and 65 degree at the first 10 minutes of rainfall simulation. During the rainfall simulation, Oxalis curniculatum SEEDs were more unstable than other SEEDs except for last 10 minutes on slope angle of 45 and 65 minutes. In this status the SEED loss rate for Rubus caesius L. was more than other species. It seems that the reason of this issue be higher flatness index of Rubus caesius L. Poa annua L. was the most stable SEED which had lowest loss rate during the rainfall simulation on slopes of 25, 45 and 65 degree. The SEED loss rate increased with increasing slope angle. The most and least SEED loss rate was occurred in slope angle of 65 and 25 degree, respectively.

SEED germination is the begining of life cycle for many crops. Snitable methods of SEED selection and production have great effects on the yield. In this study, a field work was preceded hy a laboratory experiment in order to evaluate the SEED vigour in seven sorghum lines. The field experiment was a RCBD with three replications and was carried out in 1998, Karaj, Iran. Each experimental plot was 2.6x7m with four rows (65 cm between the rows). After SEEDling emergence, the germination percentage was recorded. When the SEEDlings were at 4-6 leaves thinning was done to reduce the space between them to 6cm in a row and other necessary practices were carried out on time until the SEEDs were fully matured. Samples were taken from all the seven sorghum lines and in the laboratory, using RCBD design, standard Germination Test (G), Cold Test (CT), Accelerated Ageing Test (AA), Electrical Conductivity Test (EC) with four replications were implemented on the samples. The results indicated that the sorghum lines KFS1, KFS2 and KFS4 are significantly different in SEED vigours, percentage of field emergence and also the fresh and dry matter yields of forage.

Knowledge on sunflower SEED physical characteristics can play an important role in the proper procedures during harvesting, transport, drying, sorting, SEED peeling and storage. In order to study the effect of removing leaf and SEED in different plant densities on SEED physical and chemical PROPERTIES of sunflower hybrids, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications in 2009 at Aboureihan Research Field of University of Tehran. Azargol and new Iranian hybrid SHF81-90 and three plant densities 60000, 80000 and 100000 plants/ha were main plots and five levels of change in source and sink size (removed 50% lower leaves, removed 50% upper leaves, removed 50% SEEDs, removed 25% SEEDs) and control (without removing leaf and SEED) were sub plots. Photographs were taken from the SEEDs, by a digital camera, and analyzed using MATLAB programming language. Some MORPHOLOGICAL features were extracted by this software. Results indicated that the hybrids had significant difference in Perimeter and Area, Major and Minor Axis, Elongation, Compactness, Roundness, Solidity, SEED weight and SEED coat to SEED ratio at 5% and 1% probability levels. Also the effects of plant density and source and sink manipulation were significant on all traits. Oil percent increased along with the plant density increase. Correlation between oil percent with SEED weight (r=+0.53) and SEED coat to SEED ratio (r=-0.27) was significant at 1% probability level. Also the results of this study showed that using image processing technique, which is the new technique in agricultural researches, the physical PROPERTIES of SEED cultivars in different environmental conditions can be identified more accurately and this will be helpful in management of different planting, harvesting and postharvest stages.

In reforestation programs knowledge of SEED MORPHOLOGICAL and germination characteristics of tree species is necessary. This paper aims to investigate the effects of SEED source altitude of Fraxinus rotundifoliasubsp. Rotundifolia on MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, viability and germination traits of it SEEDs.Thus, the SEEDs of three natural habitats in Boyer-Ahmad were collected and then, cultivated in a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated that the effects of altitude of SEED source on the MORPHOLOGICAL traits, viability and germination traits were meaningful. In Sepidar, Vezg and Mahparviz habitats, the one thousand grain weight of ash SEEDs were given as 66.9, 59.4 and 59.1 g respectively. Viability of ash SEEDs in three mentioned habitats was estimated as 95, 90 and 82.3%. The most and least SEED germination amounts given as 50.8 and 31.6% were related to Sepidar and Mahparviz SEED origins, respectively. Correlation results have demonstrated that the altitude of SEED source has a negative relationship with more MORPHOLOGICAL traits, viability, and emergence percent, whereas it is of a positive and meaningful relationship with mean of time emergence. Generally, research findings put emphasis on the necessity of considering the altitude of SEED source and some traits including one thousand grain weight and viability in the forestation programs.

Due to study the effect of planting date and SEED priming on phenological stages, yield and yield components of sunflower varieties, an experiment was done as split factorial in the basis of randomized complete blocks design in 3 replications in research center of semnan (Shahrood). Planting date (20 Jun, 4 July and 19 July) as main plots and sunflower varieties (Azargol and Farah) and SEED priming methods (Osmopriming, Hydro priming and Control) as factorial considered as sub plots. The results indicated that, the main phonological sunflower stages as head emergence stage (R1), anthesis (R5) and Physiological maturity (R9), significantly affected by planting date, variety and priming. Interaction effect of planting date and variety was significant on head formation. Farokh had faster development stages than azargol variety. Delay in planting time deceased plant height, head height, stem diameter, head diameter and SEED yield. Azargol was more succeed in plant height, head height, stem diameter, head diameter and SEED yield than farrokh variety. The maximum SEED yield gained in 20 Jun (1790 kg/ha), 4 July (1505 kg/ha) and the lowest one belonged to 19 July (774.7 kg/ha). Osmopriming (1441 kg/ha) and hydro priming (1375 kg/ha) treatments had the more SEED yield than control (1253 kg/ha).

In order to study of no-tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage systems on some soil physical PROPERTIES, yield and some traits of wheat and chickpea, experiments were perfumed across two years in Sarpolezahab’s dryland region. Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that different tillage systems had significant effects (P≥0.01) on SEED yield, volumetric soil moisture, bulk density, organic carbon, economic value and morphologic traits of wheat and chickpea. In the first year, SEED yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 8 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 10 percent higher than conventional tillage treatment while in the second year SEED yield of wheat in reduced tillage treatment was 2 percent higher than no-tillage treatment and 14 higher than conventional tillage treatment. Also, SEED yield of chickpea in reduced tillage treatment was 8 and 56 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively and in the second year was 51 and 20 percent higher than no-tillage and conventional treatments, respectively. In general, the results showed that the reduced tillage system was favourable and using of this system in replacement of conventional system could be advised to the farmers of dryland areas of Sarpolezahab region in Kermanshah province.